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Jan 2009

Volume 16, Issue 1, Articles (01xxxx)

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Phys. Plasmas 16, 012101 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3040168 (25 pages)

Eric M. Bass and Daniel H. E. Dubin
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An expression for the temperature gradient in chaotic fields

S. R. Hudson

Phys. Plasmas 16, 010701 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3063062 (4 pages) | Cited 4 times

Online Publication Date: 27 January 2009

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A coordinate system adapted to the invariant structures of chaotic magnetic fields is constructed. The coordinates are based on a set of ghost-surfaces, defined via an action-gradient flow between the minimax and minimizing periodic orbits. The construction of the chaotic coordinates allows an expression describing the temperature gradient across a chaotic magnetic field to be derived. The results are in close agreement with a numerical calculation.
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52.25.Fi Transport properties
52.25.Gj Fluctuation and chaos phenomena

A hot-filament discharge with very low electron temperature

Ward Handley and Scott Robertson

Phys. Plasmas 16, 010702 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3075935 (4 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 29 January 2009

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Very low electron temperatures have been obtained in a hot-filament discharge device by having a set of conditions designed to minimize heating of the confined electrons. Heating is reduced by having the energy of primaries from the filaments sufficiently large (80 eV) that they do not become confined after ionizing collisions and that they lose little energy through Coulomb collisions. The primaries create secondary electrons at the wall with several eVs of energy which heat the confined electrons through collisions. This heating is minimized by having a liner for the vacuum system coated with colloidal graphite to reduce the emission of secondary electrons and to create a uniform boundary potential. Argon plasmas are created with plasma potentials typically less than 0.2 V. Secondary electrons from the wall are not confined by the plasma potential and have a very low density of order 105 cm−3. The confined electrons have densities of order 108 cm−3 and electron temperatures as low as 0.031 eV (360 K).
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52.55.Dy General theory and basic studies of plasma lifetime, particle and heat loss, energy balance, field structure, etc.
52.75.Xx Thermionic and filament-based sources (e.g., Q machines, double- and triple-plasma devices, etc.)
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