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Physics of Plasmas / Volume 13 / Issue 5 / INVITED PAPERS / Lasers, Particle Beams, Accelerators, Radiation Generation

Phys. Plasmas 13, 056701 (2006); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2174834 (6 pages)

Space-charge-limited flows in the quantum regime a

a Paper LI2 4, Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 50, 222 (2005).
L. K. Ang1, W. S. Koh1, Y. Y. Lau2, and T. J. T. Kwan3

1School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
2Department of Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
3Applied Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545

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(Received 21 October 2005; accepted 16 November 2005; published online 8 May 2006)

This paper reviews the recent developments of space-charge-limited (SCL) flow or Child-Langmuir (CL) law in the quantum regime. According to the classical CL law for planar diodes, the current density scales as 3/2’s power of gap voltage and to the inverse squared power of gap spacing. When the electron de Broglie wavelength is comparable or larger than the gap spacing, the classical SCL current density is enhanced by a large factor due to electron tunneling and exchange-correlation effects, and there is a new quantum scaling for the current density, which is proportional to the 1/2’s power of gap voltage, and to the inverse fourth-power of gap spacing. It is also found that the classical concepts of the SCL flow such as bipolar flow, transit time, beam-loaded capacitance, emitted charge density, and magnetic insulation are no longer valid in quantum regime. In the quantum regime, there exists a minimum transit time of the SCL flows, in contrast to the classical solution. By including the surface properties of the emitting surface, there is a threshold voltage that is required to obtain the quantum CL law. The implications of the Fowler-Nordheim-like field emission in the presence of intense space charge over the nanometer scale is discussed.

© 2006 American Institute of Physics

Article Outline

  1. INTRODUCTION
  2. QUANTUM MODEL OF SCL FLOW
    1. Unipolar and bipolar SCL flow
    2. Capacitance and transit time
    3. Magnetic insulation
    4. Surface properties
  3. CONCLUSION

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KEYWORDS and PACS

Keywords

plasma diodes, current density, space charge waves, field emission, reviews

PACS

  • 52.75.Fk

    Magnetohydrodynamic generators and thermionic convertors; plasma diodes

  • 52.40.Mj

    Particle beam interactions in plasmas

  • 52.25.Os

    Emission, absorption, and scattering of electromagnetic radiation

  • 01.30.Rr

    Surveys and tutorial papers; resource letters

ARTICLE DATA

Digital Object Identifier
http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2174834

PUBLICATION DATA

ISSN

1070-664X (print)  
1089-7674 (online)

Publisher

$abstract.society.value is a Member of CrossRef American Institute of Physics

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