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Physics of Plasmas / Volume 12 / Issue 5 / REVIEW PAPERS

Phys. Plasmas 12, 055503 (2005); doi:10.1063/1.1891746 (16 pages)

Pulsed-power-driven high energy density physics and inertial confinement fusion research a

a Paper AR1 1, Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 49, 19 (2004).
M. Keith Matzen, M. A. Sweeney, R. G. Adams, J. R. Asay, J. E. Bailey, G. R. Bennett, D. E. Bliss, D. D. Bloomquist, T. A. Brunner, R. B. Campbell, G. A. Chandler, C. A. Coverdale, M. E. Cuneo, J.-P. Davis, C. Deeney, M. P. Desjarlais, G. L. Donovan, C. J. Garasi, T. A. Haill, C. A. Hall, D. L. Hanson, M. J. Hurst, B. Jones, M. D. Knudson, R. J. Leeper, R. W. Lemke, M. G. Mazarakis, D. H. McDaniel, T. A. Mehlhorn, T. J. Nash, C. L. Olson, J. L. Porter, P. K. Rambo, S. E. Rosenthal, G. A. Rochau, L. E. Ruggles, C. L. Ruiz, T. W. L. Sanford, J. F. Seamen, D. B. Sinars, S. A. Slutz, I. C. Smith, K. W. Struve, W. A. Stygar, R. A. Vesey, E. A. Weinbrecht, D. F. Wenger, and E. P. Yu

Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185-1191

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(Received 22 November 2004; accepted 22 February 2005; published online 9 May 2005)

The Z accelerator [ R. B. Spielman, W. A. Stygar, J. F. Seamen et al., Proceedings of the 11th International Pulsed Power Conference, Baltimore, MD, 1997, edited by G. Cooperstein and I. Vitkovitsky (IEEE, Piscataway, NJ, 1997), Vol. 1, p. 709 ] at Sandia National Laboratories delivers ∼ 20 MA load currents to create high magnetic fields (>1000 T) and high pressures (megabar to gigabar). In a z-pinch configuration, the magnetic pressure (the Lorentz force) supersonically implodes a plasma created from a cylindrical wire array, which at stagnation typically generates a plasma with energy densities of about 10 MJ/cm3 and temperatures >1 keV at 0.1% of solid density. These plasmas produce x-ray energies approaching 2 MJ at powers >200 TW for inertial confinement fusion (ICF) and high energy density physics (HEDP) experiments. In an alternative configuration, the large magnetic pressure directly drives isentropic compression experiments to pressures >3 Mbar and accelerates flyer plates to >30 km/s for equation of state (EOS) experiments at pressures up to 10 Mbar in aluminum. Development of multidimensional radiation-magnetohydrodynamic codes, coupled with more accurate material models (e.g., quantum molecular dynamics calculations with density functional theory), has produced synergy between validating the simulations and guiding the experiments. Z is now routinely used to drive ICF capsule implosions (focusing on implosion symmetry and neutron production) and to perform HEDP experiments (including radiation-driven hydrodynamic jets, EOS, phase transitions, strength of materials, and detailed behavior of z-pinch wire-array initiation and implosion). This research is performed in collaboration with many other groups from around the world. A five year project to enhance the capability and precision of Z, to be completed in 2007, will result in x-ray energies of nearly 3 MJ at x-ray powers >300 TW.

© 2005 American Institute of Physics

Article Outline

  1. INTRODUCTION
  2. INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION
    1. High-temperature capsule implosions with dynamic hohlraums
    2. Symmetric drive with double-ended hohlraums
    3. Fast ignition
  3. RADIATION SCIENCE AND PLASMA SPECTROSCOPY ON Z
  4. Z-PINCH PHYSICS
  5. MEASURING, SIMULATING, AND MODELING PROPERTIES OF DYNAMIC MATERIALS
  6. REFURBISHMENT OF Z

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KEYWORDS and PACS

Keywords

plasma inertial confinement, plasma accelerators, Z pinch, plasma transport processes, explosions, plasma production, plasma density, plasma temperature, plasma X-ray sources, equations of state, plasma magnetohydrodynamics, plasma simulation, molecular dynamics method, density functional theory

PACS

  • 52.58.Lq

    Z-pinches, plasma focus, and other pinch devices

  • 52.57.Fg

    Implosion symmetry and hydrodynamic instability (Rayleigh-Taylor, Richtmyer-Meshkov, imprint, etc.)

  • 52.50.Lp

    Plasma production and heating by shock waves and compression

  • 52.80.Qj

    Explosions; exploding wires

  • 52.25.Os

    Emission, absorption, and scattering of electromagnetic radiation

  • 52.25.Fi

    Transport properties

  • 52.59.Qy

    Wire array Z-pinches

  • 52.30.Cv

    Magnetohydrodynamics (including electron magnetohydrodynamics)

  • 52.65.Kj

    Magnetohydrodynamic and fluid equation

  • 52.65.Yy

    Molecular dynamics methods

ARTICLE DATA

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http://link.aip.org/link/doi/10.1063/1.1891746

PUBLICATION DATA

ISSN:

1070-664X (print)  
1089-7674 (online)

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$abstract.society.value is a Member of CrossRef American Institute of Physics

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